Wrap Up

FINAL TASK

* The most that I remember about the class.

I remember each class in the lab, because in my opinion, it was a dinamic way to teaching a topic, also because it increases the interest in the students.
In a general opinion all the classes are dificult to forget, becaue I always have thought that Mr Zea´s classes are so good and his dinamic alway is the best in order to make easy the learning process.

*What did I enjoy most?

The class that you did about a relax moment, because it was an extremelly good activity, so we could carry our mind far away from the diary stress of the rutine. I really liked it o much.

*There was not something that I disliked. To tell the true, I always have liked your classes because your metodology and only way to teaching. I really enjoyed everything that I could learn from you.


Finally, I want to thank you about everything that you gave us in this academic process, it was really nice to have you as a teacher again. I hope find you soon in another class, it has been a pleasure for me too. Thank you George!

The Linguists

Pre-Movie Activity:

1.  What does the title tell you that this movie is going to be about?

Based on the title, I think it could be about someone who has many abilities with practice of language and maybe he, or she, or they are going to share some information about different languages.

2.  Based on what we have discussed in the class, what is the meaning or meanings of the word LINGUIST?

Basically, Linguist is a person who know many languages and practice them in a good way. 

3.  How can a language become dead?

First of all, because it is not as practiced as it would have.

Second, because there are not as much people tha speak a language, people are disappearing through the ages.

4.  What would happen if a language doesn't exist anymore?

I think there will be not communication, people won´t have anyone way to express your words, or maybe they will just communicate by writting or drawing, I guess; and their cultures can be affected. 

During-Movie Activities:

1. After watching the trailer, what is the movie going to be about?

This movie is going to be about two guys who have some language skills and they are going to visit some places in order to get knowledge about different languages and cultures.

2. Fill in the following chart:

Language	Location	Number of speakers	Why is dissapearing?
Chulym	Siberia	9	Because young people just speak Russian language.
Chemewevi	Arizona	5	Because most of people speak in English.
Sora	India
Kallawaya	Bolivia	2	This language is not showed to children, instead it is teached to teenagers who can learn it.

After-Movie Activities:

1. How is this movie related to the course of Epistemology?

The movie is a good relation with Epistemology because it show us how much is important the mother language in the different cultures and societies of a country. Also as epistemology as the movie, teach us the roots of a language, how it is acquired ot known and how it can be used depending on the context.

2. Please relate each of the topics of Linguistics discussed in class to a part of the movie.

- LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: 

The movie showed us that even children born in an specific country, they couldn´t  speak the native language of that place because they just spoke what they heard, with not teaching.

- SOCIOLINGUISTICS: 

This topic is involved in the movie because it showed the relation between language and society and their use depending on the context, culture and social elements.

- LINGUISTICS: 

People in that movie showed us how a language in the different societies was related with the culture and how much it influenced in that culture; and why a language could be reforced or forgotten.

3. Answer ONE of the following questions.

• A critical stage in language death is reached when children stop learnig the language. Discuss the kinds of conditions that would make children want or not want to learn a language spoken by their parents or grandparents.

Rta. In my opinion, chilhood is the best age to learn and develop all abilities that a person can have. I think we have to choose the correct way to teach and show everything about a language in our culture, and specially with children because they can get every word that they hear from someone. The didactic way to teach something is one of the elements that we can use in order to improve communication between people and the context and culture of our native cities is another useful element which we can learn as much as we want.  

Applied Linguistics

Applied Linguistics

1- 
*  Is an interdisciplinary field of study that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related to real-life problems. (like education, linguistics,psychology, computer science, communication research, anthropology, and sociology). Major branches of applied linguistics include bilingualism and multilingualism, computer-mediated communication (CMC), conversation analysis,contrastive linguistics, sign linguistics, language assessment, literacies, discourse analysis, language pedagogy, second language acquisition, lexicography, language planning and policy,interlinguistics, stylistics, pragmatics, forensic linguistics and translation. 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_linguistics

* Is concerned with the systematic study of language structure, the acquisition of first and subsequent languages, the role of language in communication, and the status of language as the product of particular cultures and other social groups.
http://www.brocku.ca/humanities/departments-and-centres/applied-linguistics/about/what-is-applied-linguistics 

* The use of language-related research in a wide variety of fields, including language acquisition, language teaching, literacy, literary studies, gender studies, speech therapy, discourse analysis, censorship, workplace communication, media studies, translation studies, lexicography, and forensic linguistics.
http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/appliedlinguisticsterm.htm

My own definition

Applied Linguistics is related to the study of the language in a variety of fields, such as language acquisition, language teaching, literacy, literary studies, gender studies, speech therapy, discourse analysis, censorship, workplace communication, media studies, translation studies, lexicography, and forensic linguistics.



2- Based on the definition you created FOR YOU, what are some issues concerned in the field of Applied Linguistics?

- The acquisition of different languages in a society.
- The differences between one language and other, and its use in an specific place.
- How humans acquire a second language depending on their context.


3- What area of concern of Applied Linguistics would you be interested in exploring? 

* Second language acquisition


4- Find information about possible topics that you would be interested in researching related to the area that you are interested in.

In the following link you will see a short presentation about Second Language Acquisition.

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1z2HyeCbdUkVQ1g13yTG9kuFpGlXdAWhNeU6PPe-e-Ic/edit

Psycholonguistics

General introduction of Psycholinguistics.

Sociolinguistics

1. What is the relationship between society and language?

Society is a group of people that within a comunity keep comunication each other; and language is the way which people in a society can comunicate.

2. If we talk about the same language, why do you think it varies from one place to another?

Maybe because every city in our country has different cultures and environments so, people change the vocabulary, its pronunciation and the utterance.

3. Besides the place, what other things do you think affects the way we speak?

I think every place has different context and specific culture in the society. Maybe it is because of that.

4. What is the difference between accent and dialect.

Accent: Is the way of pronunciation by a speaker with shared characteristic of a certain locality within the comunity.

Dialect: It refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language´s speakers. It comes from regional speech patterns, but also is related to the social class.

Syntax

Syntax: 

Is the branch of linguistics that deals with the grammatical arrangement of words and morphemes in the sentences of a language. Syntax is one of the major components of grammar.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/syntax

Grammar:

Is the study of how words and their component parts combine to form sentences.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/grammar

Parse Tree:

Is an ordered tree with roots that represents the syntactic structure of a string of words according to some formal grammar. Parse tree is distinct from abstract syntax trees, in that their structure and elements more concretely reflect the syntax of the input language. Is called concrete syntax tree.

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Parse+tree

Noun Phrase:

Is a phrase which has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head word, or which performs the same grammatical function as such a phrase, it is very common linguistically.

Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as the complements of prepositions. Is too called nominal phrase (NP).

Verb Phrase:

Sentence:

Determiner:

Adjective:

Adverb:

Noun:

Pronoun:

Prepositional Phrase:

Auxilairy Verb:

Verb:

Semantics

1. Definition

Semantics is the study of meaning. It focuses on the relation between signs and symbols (words and phrases), and what they represent. 

Taken of: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/semantics


2. 
- Meaning: Is what the source or sender expresses and communicates in his message to the observer or receiver, and what the receiver understand from that context.

- Concept: Is a general idea derived or inferred from specific instances or events.

- Referent:  The object, idea or person to which a word or linguistic expression refers. 

- Grammatical meaning: Is the meaning of a word by reference to its function within a sentence 

- Lexixal meaning: Is the meaning of a word in relation to the physical world or to abstract concepts, without reference to any sentence in which the word may produce

- Denotative: The most specific or direct meaning of a word, in contrast with its associated meanings.

- Connotative: Is an idea or meaning suggested or associated with a word in addition to its literal meaning.

- Metaphor: Is the application of a word or phrase to an object or concept it does not literally denote what a comparison suggests to that object or concept.

- Polysemy: Is the existence of several meanings in a single word.

- Context: The part of a text or speech that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning.

Morphology

1. Morphology

- The study of the structure and form of words in a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.
  http://www.thefreedictionary.com/morphology 

- The branch of linguistics (and one of the major components of grammar) that studies word structures, especially in terms of morphemes.
   http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/morphologyterm.htm

- Is the identification, analysis and description of the structure of a given language's morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root words, affixes, parts of speech,intonation/stress, or implied context.
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)

Keywords:
- Study
- Linguistic
- Language
- Structure
- Words
- Morphemes

My definition:

Morphology is the branch of linguistic that studies the structure of words in a language, specially in morphemes.

2.  

Word	Definition	Example
Morpheme	A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language. It does not necessarily have to be a word.	Cats: Has two morphemes. Cat is one and “s” is another morpheme.
Free Morpheme	A morpheme can be alone as a word without another morpheme.  It does not need anything attached to it to make a word.	Cat is a free morpheme. Happy is a free morpheme. You is a free morpheme.
Bound Morpheme	It cannot be alone as a word.   And it does not have any meaning without the free morpheme.	The s in cats, is a bound morpheme. "al" as derivational is a bound morpheme.
Prefix	An affix that comes before a base morpheme. It goes at the beginning of a word.	The “in”  in the word “inspect” is a prefix. Dis in the word Disadvantage.
Suffix	Is a group of letters placed at the end of a word to make a new word. It comes after a base morpheme.	s- Cat - Cats ing- Eat - Eating
Infix	Is a type of affix (prefix, suffix, or infix) that can be inserted within the base form of a word, to create a new word.	Agriculture Biotechnology
Affix	An affix is a word element (prefix, suffix, or infix), is also a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem.	ion - Action by - bicycle in - inside
Derivational Morpheme	It changes the meaning of the word or the part of speech or both. Derivational morphemes often create new words.	dishonest infrequent
Inflectional Morpheme	An inflectional morpheme does not creates a change in the function of the word. This morpheme can only be a suffix.	diferences  eaten  sleeping  bigger

http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/caneng/morpheme.htm


3. 

Word	Number of Syllables	Number of Morphemes
Unlikely	Un li ke ly  - Four syllabes	Un like ly -  Three morphemes
Happiness	Ha ppi ness - Three syllabes	Happy  ness - Two morphemes
Loves	Lo ves - Two syllabes	Love  s -  Two morphemes
Morphology	Mor pho lo gy - Four syllabes	Morpho  logy - Two morphemes
Syntax	Syn  tax - Two syllabes	Syn tax

 

4.  Word Formation Processes

Word Formation Processes	Definition	Example

Phonology

1.  What is the difference between phonetics and Phonology?  

     (Remember to cite your sources and use your concepts and language)

Phonetics	Phonology
Is the study of the sounds of human speech.	Is the study of the sound patterns of a language.
It studies HOW the sounds are produced by the voice in the vocal tract.	It studies HOW the sounds are organized and used in a systematic way. It determines which phonetic sounds are meaningful  and how they are represented by speaker.

       http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPhonology.htm

2.  Identify 3 goals of phonology. 

- Phonology explains the function of a phoneme into the language system.

- It explains which context and position are represented for each phoneme.

- It uses the structure of the syllabe.

3.  Define this words:  Phoneme, Letter, Digraph, Consonant cluster, allophone.

Phoneme:  is the basic unit of a language's phonology, which is combined with other phonemes to form words. Also, it serves to know the meaning of words.

Letter: Is a character that represent one or more sounds used in speech, and also it is one of symbols of the alphabet.   

Digraph:  Is a combination of two letter in order to represent a single sound in speech.    

Consonant cluster: It is a group pf consonants pronounced in succession, they dont have vowels between them.  

Allophone: Is ones of a set of multiple spoken sounds used to pronounce a phoneme.

4.  How many phonemes of English vowels are there?  Give an example of each.

5.  What is the stress of a word?  Mark the stress of the following words by underlining the syllabus. 

Is the force or strength which we pronounce each syllabe in a word and is because of that every word has different accent in a syllabe. 

We say one syllabe loudly and the other syllabes in a quiet form.

Table 

Happy 

Geographic 

Revelation 

Photography 

Critical

Greenhouse 

Understand