Semantics

1. Definition

Semantics is the study of meaning. It focuses on the relation between signs and symbols (words and phrases), and what they represent. 

Taken of: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/semantics


2. 
- Meaning: Is what the source or sender expresses and communicates in his message to the observer or receiver, and what the receiver understand from that context.

- Concept: Is a general idea derived or inferred from specific instances or events.

- Referent:  The object, idea or person to which a word or linguistic expression refers. 

- Grammatical meaning: Is the meaning of a word by reference to its function within a sentence 

- Lexixal meaning: Is the meaning of a word in relation to the physical world or to abstract concepts, without reference to any sentence in which the word may produce

- Denotative: The most specific or direct meaning of a word, in contrast with its associated meanings.

- Connotative: Is an idea or meaning suggested or associated with a word in addition to its literal meaning.

- Metaphor: Is the application of a word or phrase to an object or concept it does not literally denote what a comparison suggests to that object or concept.

- Polysemy: Is the existence of several meanings in a single word.

- Context: The part of a text or speech that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning.