Syntax

Syntax: 

Is the branch of linguistics that deals with the grammatical arrangement of words and morphemes in the sentences of a language. Syntax is one of the major components of grammar.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/syntax

Grammar:

Is the study of how words and their component parts combine to form sentences.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/grammar

Parse Tree:

Is an ordered tree with roots that represents the syntactic structure of a string of words according to some formal grammar. Parse tree is distinct from abstract syntax trees, in that their structure and elements more concretely reflect the syntax of the input language. Is called concrete syntax tree.

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Parse+tree

Noun Phrase:

Is a phrase which has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head word, or which performs the same grammatical function as such a phrase, it is very common linguistically.

Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as the complements of prepositions. Is too called nominal phrase (NP).

Verb Phrase:

Sentence:

Determiner:

Adjective:

Adverb:

Noun:

Pronoun:

Prepositional Phrase:

Auxilairy Verb:

Verb: