Syntax

Syntax: 

Is the branch of linguistics that deals with the grammatical arrangement of words and morphemes in the sentences of a language. Syntax is one of the major components of grammar.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/syntax

Grammar:

Is the study of how words and their component parts combine to form sentences.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/grammar

Parse Tree:

Is an ordered tree with roots that represents the syntactic structure of a string of words according to some formal grammar. Parse tree is distinct from abstract syntax trees, in that their structure and elements more concretely reflect the syntax of the input language. Is called concrete syntax tree.

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Parse+tree

Noun Phrase:

Is a phrase which has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head word, or which performs the same grammatical function as such a phrase, it is very common linguistically.

Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative expressions, and as the complements of prepositions. Is too called nominal phrase (NP).

Verb Phrase:

Sentence:

Determiner:

Adjective:

Adverb:

Noun:

Pronoun:

Prepositional Phrase:

Auxilairy Verb:

Verb:

Semantics

1. Definition

Semantics is the study of meaning. It focuses on the relation between signs and symbols (words and phrases), and what they represent. 

Taken of: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/semantics


2. 
- Meaning: Is what the source or sender expresses and communicates in his message to the observer or receiver, and what the receiver understand from that context.

- Concept: Is a general idea derived or inferred from specific instances or events.

- Referent:  The object, idea or person to which a word or linguistic expression refers. 

- Grammatical meaning: Is the meaning of a word by reference to its function within a sentence 

- Lexixal meaning: Is the meaning of a word in relation to the physical world or to abstract concepts, without reference to any sentence in which the word may produce

- Denotative: The most specific or direct meaning of a word, in contrast with its associated meanings.

- Connotative: Is an idea or meaning suggested or associated with a word in addition to its literal meaning.

- Metaphor: Is the application of a word or phrase to an object or concept it does not literally denote what a comparison suggests to that object or concept.

- Polysemy: Is the existence of several meanings in a single word.

- Context: The part of a text or speech that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning.

Morphology

1. Morphology

- The study of the structure and form of words in a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.
  http://www.thefreedictionary.com/morphology 

- The branch of linguistics (and one of the major components of grammar) that studies word structures, especially in terms of morphemes.
   http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/morphologyterm.htm

- Is the identification, analysis and description of the structure of a given language's morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root words, affixes, parts of speech,intonation/stress, or implied context.
   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphology_(linguistics)

Keywords:
- Study
- Linguistic
- Language
- Structure
- Words
- Morphemes

My definition:

Morphology is the branch of linguistic that studies the structure of words in a language, specially in morphemes.

2.  

Word	Definition	Example
Morpheme	A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language. It does not necessarily have to be a word.	Cats: Has two morphemes. Cat is one and “s” is another morpheme.
Free Morpheme	A morpheme can be alone as a word without another morpheme.  It does not need anything attached to it to make a word.	Cat is a free morpheme. Happy is a free morpheme. You is a free morpheme.
Bound Morpheme	It cannot be alone as a word.   And it does not have any meaning without the free morpheme.	The s in cats, is a bound morpheme. "al" as derivational is a bound morpheme.
Prefix	An affix that comes before a base morpheme. It goes at the beginning of a word.	The “in”  in the word “inspect” is a prefix. Dis in the word Disadvantage.
Suffix	Is a group of letters placed at the end of a word to make a new word. It comes after a base morpheme.	s- Cat - Cats ing- Eat - Eating
Infix	Is a type of affix (prefix, suffix, or infix) that can be inserted within the base form of a word, to create a new word.	Agriculture Biotechnology
Affix	An affix is a word element (prefix, suffix, or infix), is also a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem.	ion - Action by - bicycle in - inside
Derivational Morpheme	It changes the meaning of the word or the part of speech or both. Derivational morphemes often create new words.	dishonest infrequent
Inflectional Morpheme	An inflectional morpheme does not creates a change in the function of the word. This morpheme can only be a suffix.	diferences  eaten  sleeping  bigger

http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/caneng/morpheme.htm


3. 

Word	Number of Syllables	Number of Morphemes
Unlikely	Un li ke ly  - Four syllabes	Un like ly -  Three morphemes
Happiness	Ha ppi ness - Three syllabes	Happy  ness - Two morphemes
Loves	Lo ves - Two syllabes	Love  s -  Two morphemes
Morphology	Mor pho lo gy - Four syllabes	Morpho  logy - Two morphemes
Syntax	Syn  tax - Two syllabes	Syn tax

 

4.  Word Formation Processes

Word Formation Processes	Definition	Example